Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

HTML defines the structure and contents of a web page. Use HTML tags to display content on a web page.

Overview | Beginner’s Guide | Full Reference Documentation

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)

CSS defines the style and presentation of a web page. Use CSS to define how HTML elements look.

Overview | Beginner’s Guide | Full Reference Documentation

JavaScript

JavaScript defines the behavior of a web page. Use JavaScript to react to mouse clicks and other user interactions.

Overview | Beginner’s Guide | Full Reference Documentation

Further Reading and Resources

Books

• Head First HTML and CSS
• Eloquent JavaScript

Websites

• Codecademy: Accessible tutorials for JavaScript, HTML, CSS and many programming languages
• Code Combat: Learn JavaScript by playing a game
• CSS Diner: You can practice the basics of CSS through a series of 32 challenges.
• CodinGame: Helps you work on problem solving skills and learn programming basics through a turn-basedgame.

Tools and Technologies

Programming Text Editors

• Visual Studio Code: VS Code, is a source-code editor made by Microsoft with the Electron Framework, for Windows, Linux and macOS. 
• CodePen: Web page to play around with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
• JSFiddle: Web page to play around with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
• Sublime Text: Cross-platform text editor
• Notepad++: Windows-only free text editor
• TextMate 2: Mac-only text editor

Hosting

• Site44: Host static web pages on Dropbox
• Heroku: Hosting for full web apps (advanced, but arguably the easiest way to deploy dynamic web apps)

Advanced Tools and Debuggers

• Chrome Developer Tools: Debug and inspect the contents of your web page in the Google Chrome browser.
• Firefox Developer Tools:Debug and inspect the contents of your web page in the Firefox browser.
• LT Debug from LambdaTest
• Airbrake
• dbForge SQL Tools

Meta-Lists

• 25 Free Computer Science Ebooks
• Cheat Sheets (Free)
• Free Tech Books
• Microsoft Press: Free E-Books
• MindView Inc
• O’Reilly’s Open Books Project
• TechBooksForFree.com
• Theassayer.org
• Wikibooks: Programming

Graphics Programming

• DirectX manual (draft)
• Learning Modern 3D Graphics Programming (draft)
• GPU Gems
• GPU Gems 2 — ch 8,14,18,29,30 as pdf
• GPU Gems 3
• Graphics Programming Black Book
• ShaderX series

Language Agnostic

• 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know
• 97 Things Every Programmer Should Know — Extended
• Algorithms and Data-Structures (PDF)
• Algorithms (draft)
• The Architecture of Open Source Applications
• The Art of Unix Programming
• Best Kept Secrets of Peer Code Review
• Binary Trees
• Category Theory for Computing Science
• The Cathedral and the Bazaar
• Clever Algorithms
• Communicating Sequential Processes (PDF) — Tony Hoare
• Compiler Construction (PDF)
• Computer Musings (lectures by Donald Knuth)
• Data Structures and Algorithms: Annotated Reference with Examples
• Database Fundamentals (PDF)
• Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce (PDF)
• The Definitive Guide to Building Code Quality
• Designing Interfaces by Jennifer Tidwell
• Digital Signal Processing For Engineers and Scientists
• Distributed systems for fun and profit
• Domain Driven Design Quickly
• Don’t Just Roll the Dice
• Essentials of Metaheuristics by Sean Luke
• Essential Skills for Agile Development
• A Field Guide To Genetic Programming
• Flow based Programming
• Foundations of Computer Science — Al Aho and Jeff Ullman
• Foundations of Programming
• Getting Real
• Getting started with Open source development (PDF)
• The Great Tree List Recursion Problem
• Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge
• How Computers Work
• How to Design Programs
• How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
• How to Write Parallel Programs
• How to write Unmaintainable Code
• I Am a Bug
• An Introduction to the Theory of Computation
• Introduction to Functional Programming (class lectures and slides)
• Introduction to Information Retrieval
• Is Parallel Programming Hard, And, If So, What Can You Do About It?
• Learn to Program
• Let’s Build a Compiler
• Linkers and loaders
• Linked List Basics
• Linked List Problems
• Mathematical Logic — an Introduction (PDF)
• Matters Computational
• Mining of Massive Datasets
• NASA Manager Handbook for Software Development (PDF)
• NASA Software Measurement Handbook
• Object-Oriented Reengineering Patterns
• Online Course Materials
• OO Design
• Operating Systems and Middleware (PDF and LaTeX)
• Patterns and Practices: Application Architecture Guide 2.0
• Patterns of Software: Tales from the Software Community (PDF)
• Planning Algorithms
• PNG: The Definitive Guide
• Pointers And Memory
• Producing Open Source Software
• Programming Languages: Application and Interpretation
• Programming Methodology
• Programming Pearls
• Project Oberon (PDF)
• Seamless Object-Oriented Software Architecture
• Security Engineering
• Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
• Summary of the GoF Design Patterns
• The Little Book of Semaphores — Allen B. Downey
• The TCP/IP Guide
• Think Bayes: Bayesian Statistics Made Simple — Allen B. Downey
• Think Stats: Probability and Statistics for Programmers (PDF, code written in Python) — Allen B. Downey
• Think Complexity — Allen B. Downey
• Type Theory and Functional Programming
• Understanding IP Addressing: Everything you ever wanted to know (PDF)

Android

Autotools

• GNU Autoconf, Automake and Libtool

ASP.NET MVC

• NerdDinner Walkthrough

Assembly Language

• Programming from the Ground Up (PDF)
• Paul Carter’s Tutorial on x86 Assembly
• Software optimization resources by Agner Fog

Bash

• Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide
• Bash Guide for Beginners by Machtelt Garrels
• Lhunath’s Bash Guide
• The Command Line Crash Course (also a Powershell reference)

C / C++

• Beej’s Guide to Network Programming
• Beej’s Guide to C Programming
• The C book
• C++ Annotations
• C++ GUI Programming With Qt 3
• CS106X Programming Abstractions in C++
• Essential C
• Introduction to Design Patterns in C++ with Qt 4 (PDF)
• Learn C the hard way
• Matters Computational: Ideas, Algorithms, Source Code, by Jorg Arndt
• The new C standard — an annotated reference
• Object Oriented Programming in C (PDF)
• Software optimization resources by Agner Fog
• Thinking in C++, Second Edition
• Also see: The Definitive C++ Book Guide and List

Clojure

• Clojure Programming
• Clojure — Functional Programming for the JVM
• Data Sorcery with Clojure

CoffeeScript

• Smooth CoffeeScript
• The Little Book on CoffeeScript

ColdFusion

• CFML In 100 Minutes

D / DTrace

• IllumOS Dynamic Tracing Guide

DB2

• Getting started with DB2 Express-C (PDF)
• Getting started with IBM Data Studio for DB2 (PDF)
• Getting started with IBM DB2 development (PDF)

Delphi / Pascal

• Essential Pascal Version 1 and 2
• The Tomes of Delphi

Django

• Djen of Django
• Django by Example

Emacs

• GNU Emacs Manual, 17th Edition, v. 24.2
• An Introduction to Programming in Emacs Lisp, 3rd Edition

Erlang

• Learn You Some Erlang For Great Good

Flex

• Getting started with Adobe Flex (PDF)

F Sharp

• The F# Survival Guide
• F Sharp Programming in Wikibooks
• Real World Functional Programming (MSDN Chapters)

Forth

• Starting Forth
• Thinking Forth

Git

• Pro Git
• Git From The Bottom Up (PDF)

Go

• The Go Tutorial
• Go by Example
• An Introduction to Programming in Go

Grails

• Getting Start with Grails

Haskell

• Learn You a Haskell
• Real World Haskell
• Wikibook Haskell

HTML / CSS

• Dive Into HTML5
• HTML Dog Tutorials

Java

• Java Application Development on Linux by Carl Albing and Michael Schwarz(PDF)
• How to Think Like a Computer Scientist
• The Java EE6 Tutorial (PDF)
• Java Thin-Client Programming
• Sun’s Java Tutorials
• Thinking in Java
• OSGi in Practice (PDF)
• Category wise tutorials — J2EE
• Introduction to Programming Using Java — David J. Eck
• Effective Java
• Introduction to Programming Using Java

JavaScript

• Crockford’s JavaScript
• Eloquent JavaScript
• Essential Javascript & jQuery Design Patterns for Beginners
• JavaScript Essentials
• jQuery Fundamentals (starts with JavaScript basics)
• Mozilla Developer Network’s JavaScript Guide
• JavaScript Allongé
• Learning JavaScript Design Patterns
• O’Reilly Programming JavaScript Applications — Early Release

JavaScript (Node.js specific)

• Up and Running with Node
• The Node Beginner Book
• Mastering Node.js
• Mixu’s Node Book

LaTeX

• The Not So Short Introduction to LaTeX

Linux

• Advanced Linux Programming
• GNU Autoconf, Automake and Libtool
• GTK+/Gnome Application Development
• The Linux Development Platform (PDF)
• Linux Device Drivers by Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman
• The Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide
• Secure Programming for Linux and Unix

Lisp

• Common Lisp the Language, 2nd Edition
• Common Lisp: A Gentle Introduction to Symbolic Computation — David S. Touretzky
• Common Lisp Quick Reference
• Let Over Lambda — 50 Years of Lisp
• Natural Language Processing in Lisp
• On Lisp
• Practical Common Lisp
• Successful Lisp: How to Understand and Use Common Lisp — David Lamkins
• Sketchy LISP — Nils Holm

Lua

• Programming In Lua (for version 5)

Mathematica

• Mathematica® programming: an advanced introduction by Leonid Shifrin

Maven

• Better Builds with Maven
• Maven by Example
• Maven: The Complete Reference
• Repository Management with Nexus
• Developing with Eclipse and Maven

Mercurial

• Mercurial: The Definitive Guide
• HGInit — Mercurial Tutorial by Joel Spolsky

.NET (C# / VB / Nemerle / Visual Studio)

• C# Essentials
• C# Programming — Wikibook
• C# Yellow Book (intro to programming)
• Charles Petzold’s .NET Book Zero
• Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in C#
• Entity Framework
• Moving to Microsoft Visual Studio 2010
• Nemerle
• Programmer’s Heaven C# School Book (covers C# 1.0 and 2.0)
• Threading in C#
• Visual Basic Essentials
• Visual Studio Tips and Tricks (VS 2003–2005 only)

NoSQL

• CouchDB: The Definitive Guide
• The Little MongoDB Book
• The Little Redis Book
• The Little Riak Book
• Graph Databases

Oberon

• Programming in Oberon (PDF)

Objective-C

• Programming With Objective-C
• Object-Oriented Programming with Objective-C

OCaml

• Introduction to Objective Caml (PDF)
• Objective Caml for Scientists (first chapter only)
• Unix System Programming in OCaml
• Developing Applications With Objective Caml

Oracle Server

• Oracle’s Guides and Manuals

Oracle PL/SQL

• PL/SQL Language Reference
• PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference
• Steven Feuerstein’s PL/SQL Obsession — Videos and Presentations

Parrot / Perl 6

• Using Perl 6 (work in progress)

Perl

• Beginning Perl
• Embedding Perl in HTML with Mason
• Essential Perl
• Extreme Perl
• Higher-Order Perl
• The Mason Book
• Modern Perl 5
• Perl & LWP
• Perl for the Web
• Perl Free Online EBooks (meta-list)
• Perl The Hard Way
• Practical mod_perl
• Web Client Programming with Perl

PHP

• PHP Essentials
• Practical PHP Programming (wiki containing O’Reilly’s PHP In a Nutshell)
• Symfony2
• Zend Framework: Survive the Deep End

PowerShell

• Mastering PowerShell

Prolog

• Adventure in Prolog
• Applications of Prolog
• Building Expert Systems in Prolog
• Introduction to Prolog for Mathematicians
• Learn Prolog Now!
• Logic, Programming and Prolog (2ed)
• Natural Language Processing in Prolog
• Natural Language Processing Techniques in Prolog
• Prolog Programming A First Course
• Prolog Techniques
• Simply Logical
• Visual Prolog 7.2 for Tyros

PostgreSQL

• Practical PostgreSQL

Python

• Byte of Python
• Data Structures and Algorithms in Python
• Dive into Python
• Dive into Python 3
• Hacking Secret Cyphers with Python — Al Sweigart
• How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python
• Invent Your Own Computer Games With Python — Al Sweigart
• Learn Python The Hard Way
• Natural Language Processing with Python
• Python Bibliotheca
• Python for Fun
• Python for Informatics: Exploring Information
• Python for you and me
• Snake Wrangling For Kids
• Think Python (PDF) — Allen B. Downey

R

• The R Manuals
• The R Language
• R by example
• Computational Statistics, Jeremy Penzer

Ruby

• Learn Ruby the hard way
• MacRuby: The Definitive Guide
• Mr. Neighborly’s Humble Little Ruby Book
• Programming Ruby
• Ruby Best Practices
• Why’s (Poignant) Guide to Ruby (mirror)

Ruby on Rails

• Ruby on Rails Tutorial: Learn Rails By Example

Rust

• Rust for Rubyists

Scala

• Exploring Lift (published earlier as “The Definitive Guide to Lift”, PDF)
• Lift
• Pro Scala: Monadic Design Patterns for the Web
• Programming in Scala, First Edition
• Programming Scala
• Scala By Example (PDF)
• A Scala Tutorial for Java programmers (PDF)
• Xtrace
• Another tour of Scala

Scheme

• Concrete Abstractions: An Introduction to Computer Science Using Scheme
• The Scheme Programming Language Edition 3, Edition 4
• Simply Scheme: Introducing Computer Science

Sed

• Sed — An Introduction and Tutorial

Smalltalk

• Dynamic Web Development with Seaside
• Free Online Smalltalk Books (meta-list)
• Squeak By Example (Smalltalk IDE)

Subversion

• Subversion Version Control (PDF)
• Version Control with Subversion

SQL (implementation agnostic)

• Developing Time-Oriented Database Applications in SQL
• Use The Index, Luke!: A Guide To SQL Database Performance
• Learn SQL The Hard Way

Teradata

• Teradata Books

Vim

• A Byte of Vim
• Vim Recipes
• Vi Improved — Vim by Steve Oualline
• Learn Vimscript the Hard Way

Websphere

• Getting started with WebSphere (PDF)

Windows Phone

• Programming Windows Phone 7
• Reproducible Research
• Makefiles
• Make for Reproducibility
• Why use Make
• O’Reilly Make Book
• Minimal Make, A Quick Tour
• Make for R and LaTeX
• Software Carpentry Make Lessons
• Misc
• Best Practices for Software and Reproducible Research
• Reproducible Research is Still a Challenge
• How to (not) collaborate
• Research Paper on Pull-Request Workflow
• 10 Things every grad student should do
• R package for Reproducible Workflows
• Research Practice
• The Researchers Bible
• How to do research at MIT AI Lab
• Bioinformatics
• Genomics Papers from Leek Group
• Testing
• Python
• Getting Started with Automatic Testing
• Getting Started Testing
• Perl
• Unit Testing in Perl
• Meta Resources
• Coding
• Code Essentials
• Google’s Technical Development Guide
• Code Review
• Software Carpentry Code Review
• GitHub Flow and Code Review
• Fernando Perez Code Review
• 11 Best Practices
• Machine Learning
• Misc.
• The Zen of Gradient Descent
• 14 Data Mining Books
• Basics of Machine Learning
• Social Media Mining
• Introductory Primar to Machine Learning
• Introductory to Statistical Learning
• Elements of Statistical Learning
• Neural Nets/Deep Learning
• Deep Learning Book
• Deep Learning Annotated Bibliography
• Universite de Sherbrooke Neural Networks Class
• Deep Learning Book
• Deep Learning with JS
• Intro to Deep Learning with Python and Theano
• Parallel Processing
• Parallel Processing in multiple languages
• Coding Guidelines
• Example of Good Code Guidelines
• Good Coding Guidelines
• Linear Algebra
• First Course in Linear Algebra
• Linear Algebra in Four Pages
• MIT OCW Linear Algebra
• Statistics
• Probability Cheat Sheet
• Steins Paradox
• Warning Signs in Experimental Design
• Causal Inference Book
• Statistical Inference for Everyone
• Probabalistic Programming and Bayesian Methods for Hackers
• Discrete Math
• Notes on Discrete Math
• Python
• Python for Big Data
• Python Patterns
• Python Argparse Cookbook
• Learn Python the Hard Way
• Perl
• Data Munging with Perl
• Perl in 2 hours 30 minutes
• Higher Order Perl
• Algorithms
• Learn Algorithms
• Khan Academy Algorithms
• MIT OCW Intro to Algorithms
• Data Science/Big Data
• R and Pandas compared
• Mathematical Theory of Data Science
• Data Science Masters
• Python for Data Science
• Common Excel Tasks using Pandas
• Data Visualization
• Data Visualization with JS
• Command Line Tools for Data Science
• Small Datasets
• Graphs from SQL
• Learn SQL the Hard Way
• R
• R Cookbook
• R Packages
• Things I Wish I Knew When Starting R
• Matlab
• Matlab Cookbook
• Vim
• Vim Tutorial and Introduction
• Learn to Speak Vim
• Series of Articles on Learning Vim
• Git/GitHub
• A Practical Introduction to Git
• Git — The Simple Guide
• Git Cheat Sheet
• Git Cheat Sheet from GitHub
• Pro Git
• Software Carpentry Git & GitHub Lesson
• Collaboration on GitHub
• GitHub Flow
• GitHub Guides
• Misc.
• Twitter NLP Library
• LaTex
• Not So Short Introduction to LaTex
• LaTex Wikibook
• Introduction to Tex and Friends
• Short Guide for LaTex Math
• WriteLaTex Introductino to LaTex
• Learn LaTex by Doing
• Tex Introduction

Required Reading (Online resources)

• Learn JavaScript Essentials (for all skill levels) One clear path to JavaScript mastery #article
• The Two Pillars of JavaScript Part 1: Prototypal OO #article
• The Two Pillars of JavaScript Part 2: Functional Programming #article
• JavaScript Objects An excellent explanation of inheritance in JavaScript by Kyle Simpson #article
• How to Use ES6 for Universal JavaScript Apps A Babel config walkthrough #article
• Unapply attack Make your JS apps more secure by freezing builtins. #article
• JavaScript Application Architecture on the Road to 2015 Addy Osmani #article
• Modularity A pragmatic take on the tiny modules vs batteries included approach
• Computer Science in JavaScript by Nicholas C. Zakas #article
• The Dao of Immutability The Way of the Functional Programmer #article
• Reactive MVC and the Virtual DOM Great read, even if you’re not a React user. #article
• Introduction to Reactive Programming #article
• The General Theory of Reactivity What is all this talk about reactive? Functional? Promises? This is the beginning of a reactive programming bible. #article
• Why Functional Programming Matters by John Hughes, 1984 #paper #pdf
• ES6 Generators A series of blog posts by Kyle Simpson #article
• Typed JavaScript Excellent post about the state of typed JavaScript by Axel Rauschmayer #article
• ES6 Modules: The Final Syntax by @rauschma #article
• javascript-sdk-design A guide for people building JavaScript client SDKs #article
• Advanced Performance Audits with DevTools In-depth perf case studies with Paul Irish #article

Required Viewing

• Classical Inheritance is Obsolete: How to Think in Prototypal OO by Eric Elliott #talk
• Composition Over Inheritance by Mattias Petter Johansson #video
• Everything You Never Wanted to Know About JavaScript Numbers by Bartek Szopka #talk
• Asynchronous Programming at Netflix Jafar Husain #talk
• What is Reactive Programming? Jafar Husain explains reactive programming #talk
• Introduction to Reactive Programming by André Staltz #video #course
• Immutability: Putting The Dream Machine To Work by David Nolen #talk
• The Essence of FRP by Conal Elliott #talk
• JavaScript API Design Principles by Ariya Hidayat #talk
• Delivering the Goods Paul Irish on one of the most important but overlooked topics in the development world today — page load times. #talk
• Supercharging Page Load by Jake Archibald #video
• Slay’n the Waste Monster by Colt McAnlis #talk
• Simplicity Matters A later version of the influential talk, “Simple Made Easy” by Rich Hickey #talk
• Making WebGL Dance by Steven Wittens #talk
• The Pixel Factory by Steven Wittens #talk

Exercises

• FreeCodeCamp Learn to build apps & work on not-for-profit projects. #exercises
• LearnRx #exercises

Spec

• ES5 Spec An annotated, hyperlinked version of the ES5 spec
• ES6 Spec ECMAScript® 2015 Language Specification

Books

• JavaScript for Kids by Nick Morgan
• Eloquent JavaScript by Marijn Haverbeke
• JavaScript: The Good Parts by Douglas Crockford
• Effective JavaScript by David Herman
• Learn JavaScript Universal App Development with Node, ES6, & React by Eric Elliott
• Programming JavaScript Applications by Eric Elliott
• JavaScript: The Definitive Guide by David Flanagan
• You Don’t Know JS by Kyle Simpson
• Understanding ECMAScript 6 by Nicholas C. Zakas
• JavaScript Allongé by Reginald Braithwaite
• Node.js in Action by Mike Cantelon, Marc Harter, T.J. Holowaychuk and Nathan Rajlich
• High Performance Browser Networking by Ilya Grigorik #book
• “Seven Languages in Seven Weeks” Learn different ways of solving problems and you’ll deepen your understanding of JavaScript. #book
• The Dream Machine: J.C.R. Licklider and the Revolution That Made Computing Personal by M. Mitchell Waldrop
• WebGL Fundamentals by Greggman — An interactive online book about graphics programming.

Dev tools & collaboration

• nvm First install this…
• Node Then install Node (with nvm). You’ll need this even if you’re a front-end dev.
• npm Install lots of other things with npm. The package manager for JavaScript. Comes with Node.
• Atom Nice, hackable editor by GitHub.
• Node Inspector Debug Node code with the Chrome debug tools — save-live-edit true
• TraceGL Powerful runtime analysis of live JavaScript code
• Tern Static analysis in JavaScript
• JSDoc Pair with Tern for static analysis
• Slate Generate beautiful API docs for your apps
• Slack Chat for teams, with GitHub and Google hangouts integration
• Gitter Like Slack, but better for OSS projects and free chat.
• Airety Better developer interviews via pair programming.
• PrettyDiff
• Babel Repl The Babel REPL with compiled output
• Nitrous.IO Online IDE in the cloud with collaboration & Docker containers
• Koding Online cloud development platform with video & audio collaboration

Building

• Browserify Bundle modules for the browser.
• Webpack Similar to Browserify, with more batteries included and a config file. Supports live patching rebuilds.
• How to use NPM as a Build Tool
• pre-commit Easily configure pre-commit hooks for your package

Testing / Lint / Quality checkers

• ESLint The pluggable linting utility for JavaScript and JSX.
• JSCS Linter with a focus on automatic fixes and built-in style guide presets.
• babel-eslint Allow ES6 features to pass ESLint.
• eslint-plugin-no-class Forbid the ES6 class keyword. Why?
• ESLint no-inferred-methodname A custom rule for a common problem. #code
• Istanbul Code coverage reporting
• tape Dead simple unit testing #code
• faucet Prettify unit testing output (like what comes from tape).
• Supertest The best way to test HTTP endpoints.

Transpilers

• Babel Transpile ES2015 (ES6), ES7 to ES5, JSX to React.
• TypeScript TypeScript’s structural types are worth a look, but I don’t use it.
• Emscripten Frequently used for C/C++ JavaScript ports.
• ES6 tools Addy Osmani’s ES6 Tools list.

JavaScript environments

• Node.js Server side JavaScript and more

News

• JavaScript Scene
• JavaScript Weekly
• Node Weekly
• HTML5 Weekly
• EchoJS
• JavaScript Live
• JavaScript.com News
• Node Module Of The Week
• JavascriptKicks
• 5 Minutes of Javascript

Contests

• DemoJS The JavaScript demoscene party
• JS1k JavaScript demos in 1k of memory
• JS13k Games JavaScript games in 13k of memory
• FightCode game program virtual battle bots and climb the leaderboard
• Node Knockout The legendary Node competition